ARTS打卡:第十八周
每周完成一个ARTS:
- Algorithm:每周至少做一个 leetcode 的算法题
- Review:阅读并点评至少一篇英文技术文章
- Tip:学习至少一个技术技巧
- Share:分享一篇有观点和思考的技术文章
Algorithm
8. String to Integer (atoi) (Medium)
Implement
atoi
which converts a string to an integer.The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.
The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.
If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.
If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.
Note:
- Only the space character
' '
is considered as whitespace character.- Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231, 231 − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (231 − 1) or INT_MIN (−231) is returned.
Example 1:
Input: “42”
Output: 42Example 2:
Input: “ -42”
Output: -42
Explanation:The first non-whitespace character is ‘-‘, which is the minus sign.
Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.
Example 3:
Input: “4193 with words”
Output: 4193
Explanation: Conversion stops at digit ‘3’ as the next character is not a numerical digit.Example 4:
Input: “words and 987”
Output: 0
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is ‘w’, which is not a numerical digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.Example 5:
Input: “-91283472332”
Output: -2147483648
Explanation: The number “-91283472332” is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer.Thefore INT_MIN (−231) is returned.
题意(译文)
请你来实现一个 atoi 函数,使其能将字符串转换成整数。
首先,该函数会根据需要丢弃无用的开头空格字符,直到寻找到第一个非空格的字符为止。
当我们寻找到的第一个非空字符为正或者负号时,则将该符号与之后面尽可能多的连续数字组合起来,作为该整数的正负号;假如第一个非空字符是数字,则直接将其与之后连续的数字字符组合起来,形成整数。
该字符串除了有效的整数部分之后也可能会存在多余的字符,这些字符可以被忽略,它们对于函数不应该造成影响。
注意:假如该字符串中的第一个非空格字符不是一个有效整数字符、字符串为空或字符串仅包含空白字符时,则你的函数不需要进行转换。
在任何情况下,若函数不能进行有效的转换时,请返回 0。
说明:
假设我们的环境只能存储 32 位大小的有符号整数,那么其数值范围为 [−231, 231 − 1]。如果数值超过这个范围,请返回 INT_MAX (231 − 1) 或 INT_MIN (−231) 。
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/string-to-integer-atoi
解题思路(1)
仔细阅读题目,我们可以从中得出这道题的限制条件:
- 函数需要过滤开头的空格字符,直到寻找到第一个非空格的字符为止
- 第一个非空字符为正或者负号时,需要保留,与之后的数字组合起来
- 有效整数部分之后,出现非数字字符,返回前面的有效整数部分(emm….这一点,根据题意,我根本看不出来,是多次踩坑后,得来的血泪经验,巨坑….)
- 假如该字符串中的第一个非空格字符不是一个有效整数字符、字符串为空或字符串仅包含空白字符时,返回0
- 只能存储 32 位大小的有符号整数,那么其数值范围为 [−231, 231 − 1];如果超出范围,则返回 INT_MAX (231 − 1) 或 INT_MIN (−231) 。
根据以上的限制,我们的解题思路就可以这样:
- 借鉴上周的解题思路,由于ASCII 码表加上拓展集共256个字符,所以我们可以定义一个长度为256的整形数组来模拟散列表,下标为字符的值,数组的值用于标识字符。
- 根据限制条件来写判断条件,详情请查看实现代码
代码实现(1)
1 | public class Solution{ |
运行结果(1)
Runtime: 3 ms, faster than 25.42% of Java online submissions for String to Integer (atoi).
Memory Usage: 37 MB, less than 81.37% of Java online submissions for String to Integer (atoi).
emm….解是解出来了,但结果就不怎么理想了,代码也太冗余了点
解题思路(2)
与解题思路(1)一致,代码上进行调整,减少for循环,降低时间复杂度,详情查看代码实现。
代码实现(2)
1 | public class Solution{ |
运行结果和复杂度分析(2)
运行结果
Runtime: 1 ms, faster than 100.00% of Java online submissions for String to Integer (atoi).
Memory Usage: 36 MB, less than 100.00% of Java online submissions for String to Integer (atoi).
复杂度分析
时间复杂度:O(n),n是有效字符长度
空间复杂度:O(1)
Review
本周分享:How To Ask Questions The Smart Way
对应的简体中文翻译版:提问的智慧
经久不衰的文章,很值得我们再看一遍。
Tip
本周分享从《SQL必知必会》专栏中,学习到的索引知识和SQL调优的Tip:
ps:思维导图中的图片都来源于专栏,以上是学习笔记